| 1. | Variable capital is almost exclusively a component of circulating capital.
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| 2. | The source of surplus value comes instead from Variable capital or labor power.
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| 3. | The concept of constant vs . variable capital contrasts with that of classical economists ).
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| 4. | This affects the magnitude of a society's variable capital and the value of labour power.
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| 5. | Variable capital by contrast refers to the capital outlay on labour costs insofar as they represent workers'earnings.
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| 6. | Furthermore, the remainder of variable capital available is directed towards hiring workers with the expertise skills to operate new machinery.
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| 7. | The number of labourers commanded by capital may remain the same, or even fall, while the variable capital increases.
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| 8. | As noted above, the distinction between constant and variable capital overlaps with the distinction between fixed capital and circulating capital.
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| 9. | Increase of variable capital, in this case, becomes an index of more labour, but not of more labourers employed.
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| 10. | This is because in contrast to the constant capital expended on means of production, variable capital can add value in the labor process.
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